Temporal–spatial dynamics of typical ecosystem services in the Chaobai River basin in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban megaregion

Human demand for ecosystem services dominates changes and impacts the temporal–spatial patterns of their trade- offs. In process urbanization, supply service, regulation cultural service are difficult to improve in synergy city its surrounding areas, which is tough urban construction development. This study took Chaobai River basin located Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion northern China as research area. The temporal spatial from 2000 2015 three typical area, including food production, water conservation, recreation, were evaluated analyzed through modeling. hotspots, service-gain service-loss areas identified based on analysis. dynamic change mechanism was explored perspective land use hotspot results showed that (1) recreation production an increasing trend, while conservation a fluctuating trend. (2) area significantly larger than (3) main form during period regional conversion cultivated forest land, led increase reduction corresponding patches. However, this did not affect overall improvement (4) Ecosystem hotspots have gradually changed being single-service dominant two co-leading services. production-recreation continued increase, indicating between them. conservation-recreation decrease, trade-offs Different types urbanization agricultural technology productivity promotion leisure sightseeing agriculture. provides example other cities.